- Home
- Health Conditions
- Heavy Metal Toxicity
- Blood Lead Levels and Mortality
Blood Lead Levels and Mortality
Blood Lead Levels and Mortality
Lustberg M, Silbergeld E.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W Redwood St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. mlustber@umaryland.edu
BACKGROUND: Despite declines in blood lead levels during the past 20 years, lead exposure continues to be a public health concern.
Studies have linked lead exposure with increased risk for diverse health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated the association of lead exposure and mortality in the general population.
METHODS: To evaluate the association of lead exposure and mortality in the United States, we used the recently released mortality follow-up data for participants of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national cross-sectional survey of the general population conducted from 1976 to 1980.
Survey participants aged 30 to 74 years with blood lead measurements were followed up through December 31, 1992 (n = 4292).
RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with baseline blood lead levels of 20 to 29 microg/dL (1.0-1.4 micromol/L) had 46% increased all-cause mortality (rate ratio [RR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.86), 39% increased circulatory mortality (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01-1.91), and 68% increased cancer mortality (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.78) compared with those with blood lead levels of less than 10 microg/dL (<0.5 micromol/L).
All-cause mortality for those with blood lead levels of 10 to 19 microg/dL (0.5-0.9 micromol/L) was intermediately increased and not statistically significant (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.90-1.52).
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with blood lead levels of 20 to 29 micro g/dL in 1976 to 1980 (15% of the US population at that time) experienced significantly increased all-cause, circulatory, and cardiovascular mortality from 1976 through 1992.
Thus, we strongly encourage efforts to reduce lead exposure for occupationally exposed workers and the 1.7 million Americans with blood lead levels of at least 20 micro g/dL (> or = 1.0 micromol/L).
Lustberg M, Silbergeld E.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W Redwood St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. mlustber@umaryland.edu
BACKGROUND: Despite declines in blood lead levels during the past 20 years, lead exposure continues to be a public health concern.
Studies have linked lead exposure with increased risk for diverse health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated the association of lead exposure and mortality in the general population.
METHODS: To evaluate the association of lead exposure and mortality in the United States, we used the recently released mortality follow-up data for participants of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national cross-sectional survey of the general population conducted from 1976 to 1980.
Survey participants aged 30 to 74 years with blood lead measurements were followed up through December 31, 1992 (n = 4292).
RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with baseline blood lead levels of 20 to 29 microg/dL (1.0-1.4 micromol/L) had 46% increased all-cause mortality (rate ratio [RR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.86), 39% increased circulatory mortality (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01-1.91), and 68% increased cancer mortality (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.78) compared with those with blood lead levels of less than 10 microg/dL (<0.5 micromol/L).
All-cause mortality for those with blood lead levels of 10 to 19 microg/dL (0.5-0.9 micromol/L) was intermediately increased and not statistically significant (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.90-1.52).
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with blood lead levels of 20 to 29 micro g/dL in 1976 to 1980 (15% of the US population at that time) experienced significantly increased all-cause, circulatory, and cardiovascular mortality from 1976 through 1992.
Thus, we strongly encourage efforts to reduce lead exposure for occupationally exposed workers and the 1.7 million Americans with blood lead levels of at least 20 micro g/dL (> or = 1.0 micromol/L).
Products
ACC Cardio Extra Strength
SKU: RNA036
ACC Cardio Extra Strength | Results RNA - Maintain a strong, healthy heart with clinically proven, cardio-protective nutrients
$19.99
Market price: $22.00
save 9%
ACN Neuro - 2oz Spray
SKU: RNA030
ACN Neuro - 2oz Spray | Results RNA - Insightful nourishment for the brain, ACN Neuro is a highly effective neurological
$29.97
ACN Neuro - 4 oz Spray
SKU: RNA032
ACN Neuro - 4 oz Spray | Results RNA - ACN Neuro is a highly effective neurological health formula supporting memory,
$49.87
ACZ nano Zeolite - 2 oz Spray
SKU: RNA002
ACZ nano Zeolite - 2 oz Spray | Results RNA - Detoxify & feel renewed. ACZ Nano zeolite selectively binds & removes
$39.97
ACZ nano Zeolite Spray
SKU: RNA006
ACZ nano Zeolite Spray | Results RNA - Detoxify & feel renewed. ACZ Nano zeolite selectively binds & removes toxins
$39.97
Market price: $74.95
save 47%
EcoNugenics Toxin Removal System
SKU: FH021
EcoNugenics Toxin Removal System - A comprehensive Detoxification System for the whole body.*
$567.80
Market price: $668.00
save 15%
Hair Mineral Analysis Test (TMA)
SKU: TMA001
Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis (HTMA | Analytical Research Labs - Dr. Forrest Recommends - simply stated, is a screening
$181.00
KeLATOX EDTA Suppositories (900mg - 30ct)
SKU: KTOX001
KeLATOX EDTA Suppositories (900mg - 30ct) is a rectal, time released EDTA suppository.*
$160.00
Market price: $189.00
save 15%
Metal Detox Program - ULTRA
SKU: FH024
Metal Detox Program ULTRA - Our most comprehensive, highly effective program for removing toxic metals from the body. For those serious
$663.00
Market price: $780.00
save 15%
Total Body Detox Extra Strength - 2 oz - ACZ & ACS
SKU: RNA004
Total Body Detox Extra Strength - 2 oz - ACZ & ACS | Results RNA - Achieve total body detoxification & boost your
$66.97
Toxic Element Clearance Profile - Urine
SKU: GDX008
Toxic Element Clearance ProfileUrine | Genova Diagnostics - Measures urinary excretion of 20 toxic metals. This test should
$259.00
Market price: $294.00
save 12%
Ultimate Body Detox 4 fl oz
SKU: RNA029
Ultimate Body Detox Extra Strength 4 oz | Results RNA - The leading detoxification, immune support & detox
$189.95
Ultimate Body Detox Extra Strength 2 oz
SKU: RNA024
Ultimate Body Detox Extra Strength 2 oz | Results RNA - The leading detoxification, immune support & detox weight loss
$104.97
Market price: $109.85
save 4%
Reviews
I have found that intraMAX is the finest product I have distributed from my office. Patients attest to its taste, absorbability and benefits. There is a rapid recovery of well being and a desire to continue these products to maintain the health restoration.
Bestsellers
- Hair Mineral Analysis Test (TMA)
- KeLATOX EDTA Suppositories (900mg - 30ct)
- Toxic Element Clearance Profile - Urine
- ACZ nano Zeolite Spray
- ACC Cardio Extra Strength
- Total Body Detox Extra Strength - 2 oz - ACZ & ACS
- ACZ nano Zeolite - 2 oz Spray
- ACN Neuro - 4 oz Spray
- Ultimate Body Detox 4 fl oz
- Metal Detox Program - ULTRA
News
10/04/2011
Neo40 Professional Nitric Oxide Booster
- Neo 40 can improve circulation and the cardiovascular system
- NEO 40 raises Nitric Oxide
- ED is caused by low Nitric Oxide
- Now available in 60 lozenges
- NEW Proessional Strength version available
- NEW lower price!
| Price: | $99 |
| Quantity | |
| Add to cart |