Cervical dysplasia refers to a medical condition of the cervix in which squamous cells on the surface of the cervix undergo a potentially premalignant transformation. This abnormal growth (dysplasia) may lead to the development of cervical cancer if left untreated. Cervical dysplasia can be diagnosed by a biopsy of the cervix. An abnormal Pap smear may lead to a recommendation for colposcopy of the cervix during which the cervix is examined under magnification. A biopsy of the cervix is taken of any abnormal appearing areas.

Cervical dysplasia appears to arise from a chronic infection of the cervix by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). This is the same type of virus that causes the common wart. There are approximately 100 strains of HPV. Thirteen of these strains appear to cause cervical dysplasia and may lead to the development of cervical cancer. Hormonal treatments such as birth control pills have also been linked to higher rates of cervical dysplasia.[citation needed]

In many cases, cervical dysplasia will regress without treatment. Diet rich in fruits and vegetables, smoking avoidance and condom use increase regression of cervical dysplasia.

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