NeuroSleep-Profile-9027
The most advanced neruro-sleep profile avaialbe

What we test:

• Cortisol
• Melatonin
• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Dopamine
• Serotonin
• GABA
• Glutamate
• PEA
• Histamine
• Creatinine

Overview
The NeuroSleep Profile (#9027) measures salivary hormone and urinary neurotransmitters related to sleep. This profile is recommended for individuals experiencing difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or restless sleep.

The Role of the Nervous System in Health
The nervous system serves as the central control
mechanism for nearly every bodily process. The brain
maintains homeostasis within the body through the use of
neurotransmitters and hormones which act as chemical
messengers between its trillions of connections to itself and
all other organs. Despite the critical functions it governs,
the nervous system is not impervious to disruption. Stress,
infections, poor diet, toxins, and genetics have a direct impact
on nervous system function, and can negatively affect proper
neurotransmission. Disruption of communication within
the nervous system, due to deficient or excessive levels of
various hormones and neurotransmitters, may lead to the
manifestation of clinical complaints.

Urinary Neurotransmitters and Salivary Hormones as Clinical Biomarkers
The NeuroSleep Profile measures two key hormones and
eight neurotransmitters that the literature suggests are
involved in the sleep/wake cycle.

Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid and regulator of the
stress response. Sleep difficulties are frequently associated
with the presence of stress. Elevated cortisol levels have been
found in individuals suffering from chronic insomnia.1
Melatonin is known as the sleep hormone and helps in the
regulation of the circadian rhythm. However, the melatonin
rhythm is ultimately regulated by the brain region responsible
for the circadian rhythm of the body.2

Dopamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in motor
control and the pleasure/reward cascade. The area of the
brain involved in the pleasure/reward cascade is inhibited by
GABA during sleep.3

Epinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter released in
response to stress. Epinephrine is important for motivation
and energy and has been associated with restlessness.4 High
levels of epinephrine have been correlated with disturbances
in sleep.5,6

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
and is important for the inhibition of brain regions that
promote wakefulness. GABA is known to inhibit histamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin in order to promote sleep.7

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the
brain and has been shown to be important in the promotion
of wakefulness. The presence of light has been shown to
stimulate the release of glutamate, thereby triggering the
wake-promoting centers of the brain.8

Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter released from
wake-promoting regions of the brain.7 Although the exact
mechanism for the promotion of wakefulness is unknown,
centrally acting anti-histamines have been shown to induce
drowsiness or sleep.3, 9

Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter important in
mental focus and the stress response. In relation to the sleep/
wake cycle, it is mainly found in wake-promoting regions of the
brain.7 However, it is also found in the pineal gland where it
promotes the synthesis of melatonin.8

PEA is an excitatory neurotransmitter important for attention,
focus, and mood. Imbalances in PEA may be associated
with anxiety, insomnia, and mood. Studies have found that
PEA plays a role in hyperactivity and focus/concentration
disorders.10

Serotonin found in the pineal gland serves as the precursor to
the sleep hormone melatonin. Serotonin is also an inhibitory
neurotransmitter that inhibits sleep-promoting centers of the
brain.7

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